self-hosting

Running a BitTorrent (BT) or Private Tracker (PT) server at home can be challenging if your home network doesn’t have a public IP. Public IPs are essential for direct peer-to-peer connections, which significantly improve torrent connectivity. However, with the right setup, you can achieve similar connectivity and even gain extra benefits, like access to IPv6 peers, by using a VPS and WireGuard.

The 2012 Mac Mini Server remains a popular choice for Proxmox Virtual Environment (PVE) installations. This model stands out for its upgradeability: it allows for both memory and storage upgrades, making it particularly versatile. It’s also the last Mac Mini model with this flexibility, as the 2014 model saw soldered RAM, limited CPU performance, and eventually, Apple’s transition to ARM architecture in later versions, which limits virtualization capabilities.

In Linux systems, memory management is crucial for maintaining system stability and performance. One component at the heart of this process is the "Out-Of-Memory (OOM) Killer." This process steps in when your system is critically low on memory. It selectively terminates one or more processes to free up memory and prevent a system crash. However, the intervention of the OOM Killer can be disruptive, as it might terminate essential or high-priority processes.

I recently acquired two budget-friendly Virtual Private Servers (VPS) from OranMe, one featuring a 0.1 CPU with 128MB RAM and the other a 0.5 CPU with 512MB RAM. These low-spec servers are not ideal for heavy usage but can be efficient for specific tasks. To maximize their performance, I chose Debian without a desktop environment, aiming to reduce system load.

Nginx is a high-performance web server known for its efficiency, especially in terms of memory usage, fast startup times, and handling high concurrency. This makes it a popular choice for various internet projects.

Remote LAN access lets devices reach a private network from anywhere. ZeroTier uses a virtual L2 network with P2P paths. Tailscale builds on WireGuard with NAT traversal. Cloudflare Tunnel uses a reverse proxy model.

ACME is the protocol for automated certificate management. Let's Encrypt speaks ACME. Certbot is the official ACME client from EFF. This guide covers Certbot with Cloudflare DNS validation.

A container is not a virtual machine. VMs emulate hardware and run a full OS kernel. Containers share the host kernel and isolate processes using namespaces (which partition what a process sees: filesystem, network, PIDs, users) and cgroups (which cap what it uses: CPU, memory, I/O).

业精于勤荒于嬉，行成于思毁于随。
Achievements are reached by hard work rather than recreation. Actions are done after thorough consideration rather than casual decisions.